Mixed convection analysis and Thermal management in a lid-drivenenclosure via FEM

This article discusses the thermal behavior of a nanofluid contained within a rectangular cavity with a split lid and an circular obstacle. Forced and natural convection occur in sequence to create a combination of lid movement and heat transfer from the heating wall to the cooling wall. The temperature of the bottom wall remains constant, while the side walls are cold. Energy is conveyed through the top wall of the cavity and propelled by the split lids that move at a constant speed. The finite element method is employed to manage the dimensionless system of partial differential equations for velocity, temperature, and flow. The local Nusselt number along the heating surface is used to calculate the heat transfer rate caused by forced convection. The results shows displacement of the lid walls to a certain extent has a significant effect on the distribution of temperature within a system. When the inner path of the lid walls is opposite, the central area of the system tends to have the most efficient flow patterns.