Optimal Design and Placement of Grid-Connected Micro Grid Considering Demand Response Management by Whale Optimization Algorithm

Optimal design and placement of grid-connected micro grids have changed dramatically by integrating renewable energy sources (RES) as well as energy storage systems (ESS). Sizing and placement of these resources has important technical and economic impacts on the network. However, utilization of these resources in Smart grid (SG) has several advantages and so, the undesirable effects of these resources on SG need to be investigated and improved. In this paper, a hybrid SG includes wind/ PV/ESS, which has been located in ۳۳ IEEE standard bus, is investigated. Optimal energy management and sizing of the RES and ESS are the purposes. Demand Response (DR) is another good option in SGs for regulating production and demand. In this paper, an incentive-based DR program is used. However, this method has uncertainty because it is dependent on customer consumption patterns and the use of inappropriate incentives will not be able to stimulate customers to reduce their consumption at peak times. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) problem, which is formulated as optimal programming, is solved to calculate size and placement of each RES as well as ESS condition considering with power losses, voltage profile and cost optimization. The results show the effectiveness of energy management and cost reduction in the studied grid.