The effect of different amounts of apple cider vinegar on some biochemical parameters of liver and kidney in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Apple cider vinegar is an acidic liquid obtained from the oxidation of ethanol in apple juice. Apple cider vinegar fights some harmful bacteria and can help the digestive process. It also has different types of pharmacological functions. Therefore, to investigate the effect of different amounts of apple cider vinegar on the biochemical parameters of the liver, three treatment groups (The first treatment was ۰.۵% apple cider vinegar per kg of food, the second treatment was ۱% apple cider vinegar per kg of food and the third treatment was ۲% apple cider vinegar per kg of food) and one control group, each with ۱۰۰ rainbow trout weighing an average weight of ۱۵۰±۵ g, were tested for ۴۰ days. At the end of the course, liver biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and albumin and some Kidney biochemical parameters such as urea and creatinine were measured. During this study, the mean values of AST in the third treatment were significantly reduced compared to the control group and the second treatment (p>۰/۰۵). But no significant differences were observed in different levels of ALT, ALP, albumin, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin between different groups) p<۰/۰۵). Also in this study, the average amount of creatinine in the second treatment was significantly increased compared to the first and third treatments (p>۰/۰۵). But no significant difference was observed in terms of different levels of urea between different groups (p<۰/۰۵). The results of this study showed that using apple cider vinegar for ۴۰ days at a rate of ۲% can reduce the amount of AST in the blood, which is most likely due to liver damage. Also, ۱% apple cider vinegar can increase blood creatinine, which may be related to skeletal muscle damage or kidney problems.