Investigation and comparison of laser and ultrasound effects on the temperature increasing of the solutions containing graphene oxide nanoparticles for thermal treatment of osteosarcoma cancer cells

Objective(s): The waves of ultrasound and laser in the presence of nanoparticles are introduced as desirable candidates for the thermal treatment of cancer due to having fewer side effects, more speed, and superior treatment efficiency. Here, ۲D Graphene oxide nanoparticle is used as a thermal nano-convertor for increasing the yield of thermal cancer therapy.Materials and Methods: The temperature of GO (in ۰.۲ and ۰.۴ mg/ml concentrations) and deionized water regarding heater, bath sonicate, probe sonicate (at a power range of ۲-۳.۵ W), and laser properties at ۸۰۸ nm with continuous wave (at a power of ۰-۲ W) in ۱۰ min are investigated. Based on the experimental results, the effect of laser and ultrasound radiation on the temperature is simulated using a data mining approach.Results: Experimental and simulation results show that GO nanoparticle in this form is unsuitable for converting ultrasound waves into heat. But it is a strong absorber for electromagnetic waves at ۸۰۸ nm and can raise the temperature to ۸۵ °C. The results indicate that the laser + GO enhances the mortality percentage and treatment yield of MG۶۳ cancerous cells by up to ۸۵%. Also, GO uptake is analyzed by fluorescent microscopic images.Conclusion: This analysis confirmed that GO is important when laser radiation is used but not when Ultrasound is employed. Also, GO is an excellent photothermal nanoparticle for localized thermal therapy of osteosarcoma cancer cells by laser at ۸۰۸ nm with low side effects.