Parkinson disease main pathological hallmarks

Parkinson is one of the most common neurodegenerative disease. There are many risk factors for this disease, but old age is the main one. There are two types of Parkinson, familial and sporadic. Parkinson disease occurs due to dopaminergic neuroapoptosis. This disease has many symptoms such as Tremor, depression, anxiety, bradykinesia, sleep disorders, movement disorders and also cognitive decline, cognitive impairment and postural instability. The pathological hallmarks of Parkinson disease are dopaminergic neurons deterioration, oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, autophagy, neuroinflammation and α-synuclein protein aggregation that cause Lewy bodies. Lewy bodies are masses of misfolded proteins. These masses are the cause of Parkinson disease and dementia. Currently, there is no cure for this disease and the treatments can only reduce the symptoms and slowing the neuroapoptosis. It is extremely importatnt to focus on the mechanisms and treatments that can make the brain to produce dopamine again.