Nano-catalytic biodiesel production from Carthamus Tinctorius in Supercritical methanolmedium

Biodiesel is considered one of the most promising clean and renewable energy sources as a viable alternative todiesel fuels. This study aimed to produce biodiesel from the Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) plant in a supercriticalmethanol environment using a batch reactor with a volume of ۶۰ ml. The process was carried out underthe designed conditions in SAS JMP software, which was also used to optimize the process. The results wereanalyzed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The yield of biodiesel produced was reported to be۷۰.۷۵% when the process was carried out without a catalyst. The findings indicate that producing biodiesel fromvegetable oils under supercritical conditions is a promising method with high yield and efficiency.