Antibacterial Effects of Photodynamic and Diode Laser Therapies as Adjunctive Treatments in Periodontitis

Background: Besides standard periodontal procedures, additional approaches, including medication, laser therapy,and photodynamic therapy are employed to manage excessive inflammation and pathological reactions. The presentstudy aimed to evaluate laser and photodynamic therapy (PDT) as complementary treatments for periodontitis.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial enrolled ۱۲ patients (۳۰-۶۰ yrs.)With periodontitis stages I and II. Followinginitial treatment, one quadrant served as the control, one treated with a diode laser, and the other one with Photosanwavelength power with methylene blue dilution. Clinical variables including bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth(PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured and surveyed. Also, samples from gingival crevicular fluidwere taken at ۲ and ۶ weeks for evaluation. The data collected were analyzed using the Friedman test, ANOVA, KruskalWallis, and LSD post-test.Results: The mean bacteria levels in all three treatment groups were significantly reduced (P < ۰.۰۰۱). There were nosignificant differences in P.g and P.i bacteria (P > ۰.۰۵) in all three treatment methods. A.as was notably reduced at ۶weeks (P = ۰.۰۳۷). CAL and PD significantly decreased in all three treatment groups (P < ۰.۰۰۱), with no statisticallysignificant difference between the treatment methods (P > ۰.۰۵). The mean BOP significantly decreased in the lasertherapy (P < ۰.۰۰۱) and PDT groups (P < ۰.۰۰۲).Conclusion: This study found that diode laser therapy and PDT can effectively reduce periopathogens, particularlyA.a, and improve clinical signs in patients with periodontitis stages I and II.