The role of non-coding RNAs in GlioblastomaMultiforme Prognosis Biomarkers

Background: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) account for up to۹۰% of the transcribed genes in the transcriptome, classifiedby length, including small ncRNAs like microRNAs (miRNAs)and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). ncRNAs play a crucialrole in modulating gene expression through base pairing andimplicating the prognosis of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM),the most common adult brain tumor. In this paper, we focusedon demonstrating the potential role of ncRNAs as a new prognosticfactor.Materials and Methods: We found articles associated withthis subject by searching the strings "prognosis-biomarker,""glioblastoma," and "non-coding RNAs" in Google Scholar,NCBI, and Scopus databases. We assessed case reports, caseseries, case-control studies, reviews, editorials, and cohort studiesfrom ۲۰۱۹ to ۲۰۲۳ and gathered relevant information.Results: Research has demonstrated that ncRNAs, especiallylncRNAs and miRNAs, can control pivotal mechanisms thatparticipate in the advancement of GBM, such as tumorigenesis,tumor stage progression, and metastasis. The functions ofmiRNAs and lncRNAs are critical in initiating and progressingGBM. miRNAs are considered to be vital prognostic factors byadjusting metabolism, cell proliferation, stem cell behavior, angiogenesis,and drug resistance. lncRNAs also play significantroles in demonstrating the prognosis of GBM cells by participatingin pathways including the cell cycle and apoptosis, subsequentlyleading to chemotherapy resistance and metastasis,or preventing which and resulting in divergent patient survivaloutcomes.Conclusion: The close association between the functions ofmiRNAs and lncRNAs in GBM highlights the possibility ofdiscovering new prognostic approaches. Our study showed thatncRNAs could be significant prognostic markers for GBM,leading to favorable patient survival outcomes. Overall, this developmentis a positive step towards addressing the challengeof GBM and decreasing the mortality rate associated with thedisease.