A Review of WT۱, MEG۳, CA۹ Gene ExpressionAlterations for Colorectal Cancer Detection andPrognosis

Introduction: Colorectal Cancer is one of the most commondeadly cancers affecting one in ۲۳ males and one in ۲۶ females.Screening people who are susceptible to colorectal cancer andhave precancerous polyps in their rectum or colon using newprognostic biomarker is much needed. Recent studies haveshown that non-coding long RNAs can be effective in developingand advancing colorectal cancer by stimulating cell proliferationor their oncogenic role.Method: Literature ReviewDiscussion: For the timely identification of people with colorectalcancer, there is a series of tumor-linked antigens whoseexpression changes in cancer tissue cells or their genes change.In recent years, several new candidate genes with prognosticroles have been studied, including WT۱, MEG۳ and CA۹. WT۱has been introduced as a valid biomarker for children with leukemia,breast cancer and adenocarcinoma at ۹۰% of colorectalcancer. CA۹ is a membrane protein expressed in the tumor cellsof the gastro-interstinal tract. MEG۳ has been identified in anumber of cancer like Hemangioma, glioma, cervical and bladdercancer.Conclusion: MEG۳ expression levels decrease in colorectalcancer tissue, cancer cell lines, and patient serum and can beused as a new prognosis biomarker for colorectal cancer prognosis.Polymorphisms of the CA۹ gene may influence the progressionof colorectal cancer according to their position. Studiesshow that the WT۱ gene is less important as a prognosticmarker than two mentioned genes, and additional studies arerequired.