The use of mesenchymal stem cells andnanoparticles as cancer diagnostic and therapeutic agents

Introduction: Despite the great advances, cancer remains afrequent and fatal disease, and extensive research is being conductedto overcome the disease's diagnostic and therapeutichurdles.Results and discussion: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) aremature multipotent stem cells with the ability to self-renew andare isolated from different tissues such as bone marrow, adiposetissue, blood, skin, teeth. Mesenchymal stem cells, due to theirunique characteristics, such as tumor tropism, potential for effectivepenetration in tumor tissue and ease of use in therapeuticapplications, have a special place in the studies of diagnosis andtreatment of various cancers.But there are challenges to using MSCs as drug carriers.۱. There is increased expression of some drug transporters inMSCs, such as P-glycoprotein, resulting in the removal of thedrug from these cells and a reduction in MSC drug loading capacity.۲. Small molecules such as these drugs have rapid clearancedue to their rapid release and leave the cell rapidly.۳. Cytotoxic drugs have a negative impact on MSC viabilityand tumor tropism.In order to overcome these obstacles, a number of studies havefound it useful to encapsulate drugs in nanoparticles that aresecreted by transmitters such as p-glycoproteins and they havefound that these methods increase the drug carrying capacity ofmesenchymal stem cells with less damage to them. This methodcan even be used to better diagnose cancers, as nanoparticlesengineered to better detect cancers can be transported to thetumor site by MSCs.Conclusion: The most serious obstacles to the treatment of variouscancers are the lack of accurate and timely diagnosis andthe limitations and complications of conventional treatments.Mesenchymal stem cells modified through nanoparticles containingdrugs or diagnostic agents can reach the tumor site in atargeted manner and while improving the quality of treatment,reduce common side effects and have the unique capabilities ofnanostructures and MSCs at the same time.