Optimization of Spray Drying Conditions for Production of Ice Cream Mix Powder Flavored With Black Mulberry Juice

The aim of this work was to optimize the spray drying conditions for the production of ice cream mix powder. A lab-scale spray dryer was employed for the spray drying process, the mix of salep and k-carrageenan was used as stabilizer and black mulberry juice added to ice creams as a natural flavor. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was performed to examine the influence of inlet air temperature (۱۲۰, ۱۴۰, and ۱۶۰°C), feed flow rate (۵, ۱۰, and ۱۵%) and black mulberry concentration (۱۵, ۳۰, and ۴۵%) on drying yield and total anthocyanin content of powders, overrun and melting rate of ice creams prepared from the reconstituted powders. Scanning electron microscope was used for monitoring the structure of the powders. The following optimum process conditions were determined: inlet air temperature of ۱۳۸ °C, feed flow rate of ۸% and juice concentration of ۳۵%. These parameters led to the process yield, total anthocyanin content, overrun and melting rate of ۷۶.۱۴%, ۵۴.۱۱ mg L-۱, ۷۴.۵۰%, and ۱.۵۲ g min-۱, respectively.