Comparison of Essential oil of Ocimum sanctum L. from Fresh and Dry Aerial Parts by Hydro-distillation and Steam Distillation

The use of natural products as medicinal agents presumably predates the earliest recorded history. Ocimum sanctum L., is a plant which is used in several traditional medicine systems to cure various diseases. In this study aerial parts of Ocimum sanctum were collected on august ۲۰۱۴ from Shahr-e-Rey in Iran. Fresh and dry partsof plants essential oils were extracted with hydro-distillation and steam distillation and then essential oils injected to GC/MS. Main component for dried leaves and flower with hydro-distillation method were chavicol (۷۵.۶۶%), linalool (۶.۶۹%) and cis-sabinene hydrate (۲.۸۴%) and ۰.۱۸% yield and for dry flower were chavicol (۳۸.۲%), linalool (۳۲.۸%), ۱۰-epi-cubebul (۳.۸۹%) and ۰.۲۸% yield. Main component with steam distillation method for dry leaves were chavicol (۶۰.۹۵%), linalool (۴.۳۸%), E-β-farnsene (۳.۸%) and ۰.۲۱% yield. Main component of steam distilation for dry flower were chavicol (۳۱.۴%), linalool (۲۴.۷%), (E, E)-farnesole (۲۰.۸%), and ۰.۳۷% yield. Main component for fresh and dried leaves with hydro-distillation method with dry leaves were chavicol (۷۵.۶۶%), linalool (۶.۶۹%), cis-sabinene hydrate (۲.۸۴%), and ۰.۲۰% yield. Main component with fresh leaves were methyl chavicol (۲۷.۶۴%), spathulenol (۱۳.۹۲%), β-eudesmol (۱۱.۵%), and ۰.۱۸% yield. Main component for steam distillation method with dry leaves were chavicol (۶۰.۹۵%), linalool (۴.۳۸%), E-β-farnsene (۳.۸%) and ۰.۲۳% yield.  Main component with fresh leaves were methyl chavicol (۳۸.۹۶%), linalool (۱۲.۱۹%), spathulenol (۶.۷۳%), and ۰.۲۱% yield. Main component for fresh and dry flower with hydro-distillation method with dry flower were chavicol (۳۸.۲%), linalool (۳۲.۸۰%), α-cadinene (۴.۰۸%), and ۰.۲۵% yield. Main component for fresh flower were methyl chavicol (۲۶.۹۹%), linalool (۱۷.۹۸%), β-eudesmol (۱۳.۱۲%), and ۰.۲۸% yield. Main component for steam distillation method with dry flower were chavicol (۳۱.۴۴%), linalool (۲۴.۷۰%), α-cadinene (۵.۲۸%), and ۰.۳۵% yield. Main component with fresh flower were chavicol (۲۵.۲%), linalool (۱۷.۹۹%), germacrene D (۶.۸۷%), and ۰.۳۷% yield.  Chavicol is used as an odorant in perfumery and it is miscible with alcohol, ether, and chloroform.