Attentional Bias and Prediction of Attempted Suicide in Clinical and Non-clinical Population

Objective: the aim of the present research was to analyze the predictability of suicide attempts, based on attentional bias in a clinical and non-clinical population. Methods: ۱۲۰ participants (۷۷ females and ۴۳ males) were intentionally selected in three diagnostic groups: clinical suicides, clinical non-suicides, and non-clinical ones (۴۰ individuals in each group). They participated in the Suicide Stroop Task as well as the Beck Scale of Suicide Ideation (BSS). The attentional bias parameters, including reaction time and interference time, were computed and the data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Discriminant Analysis.  Results: the results obtained from the multivariate analysis revealed that the variables of interference time did not have a significant indication for the three groups of individuals in suicide stroop (P<۰.۵۶۸; F=۰.۵۶۹), positive stroop (P<۰.۲۰۱; F=۱.۶۲۶), and negative stroop (P<۰.۸۶۳; F=۰.۱۴۷). However, in the case of reaction time, there was a significant difference in the values obtained for all the three groups in terms of suicide stroop (P<۰.۰۰۰; F=۱۲.۷۵۹), positive stroop (P<۰.۰۰۰; F=۱۸.۵۲۰), negative stroop (P<۰.۰۰۰; F=۱۰.۹۹۵), and neutral stroop (P<۰.۰۰۰; F=۸.۲۸۸). In addition, the results obtained from the discriminant analysis show that the variables of suicide ideation (۰.۸۲۲), reaction time in positive stroop (۰.۵۷۱), suicide stroop (۰.۴۷۰), negative stroop (۰.۴۳۸), and neutral stroop (۰.۳۷۶) were correspondingly crucial in predicting the behavior of the clinical suicide attempt, clinical non-suicide attempt, and non-clinical groups. Conclusion: We found that for suicide stroop, the clinical and non-clinical cases did not show a significant difference in terms of the interference effect; however, they differed in terms of reaction time. Therefore, it seems that using emotional stroop, attentional bias towards suicide-related topics is not dependent on the clinical situations, and other parameters, such as scoring methods should be considered. However, there is still a need to conduct more extensive studies.