Analyzing Post-Mining Sites in Iran Through a Sustainable Environmental Lens

The terms "exploration" and "extraction" traditionally denote advancement and development in nations, embodying ongoing policies related to drilling, exploiting, and processing mineral materials. However, these terms serve as crucial parameters that consistently evoke serious concerns among experts. The most urgent issues stem from pollutants and waste materials produced in post-mining sites, resulting in hazardous and irreversible effects. These encompass the creation of tailings dams containing heavy metals, the generation of acidic drainage, disruption of the region's soil structure, land erosion, depletion of biodiversity and wildlife, large-scale deforestation, and contamination of surface and underground water. These elements collectively worsen the irreversible environmental consequences on both nature and human well-being. In this case, the key concept of sustainable development is making a balance between progress and the environment. The term encapsulates three pivotal principles, environment, society, and economy which are underscored by the significance of integrating these parameters to pave the way forward. A significant challenge confronting human societies lies in the domain of mining, with a particular focus on addressing the methodologies related to post-extraction mines and understanding their root causes. This article's primary objective is to scrutinize diverse parameters through specialized working groups comprising experts and engineers in mining, civil, environmental, and landscape architecture. The initial step involves the establishment of these specialized working groups, with a key focus on promoting public culture and environmental education across various levels from ordinary citizens to miners and workers. Furthermore, these groups aim to provide legal solutions to relevant organizations, adopting a sustainable environmental approach. Subsequently, the groups will formulate functional, multi-purpose plans aligned with a systematic circular chart, taking into account both micro and macroeconomic considerations, intended for the reconstruction of post-mining sites.