Investigating the Incidence of Pressure Ulcers and Factors Affecting Them in Hospitalized Patients with a Braden Score Below ۱۴

Introduction: Paying attention to the high prevalence and high financial and human costs of pressure ulcers, early treatment and prevention of its occurrence is one of the most important and necessary goals of the health care system. A standardized system of wound status registration program enables survival analysis and clinical care outcome assessment, etiology studies, generation of descriptive data (incidence, prevalence, mortality), suitable resource for clinical trial, case control and cohort study. Therefore, the pressure ulcer registration program was created and launched in order to determine the exact incidence and prevalence of pressure ulcers, the factors affecting it and the reduction of its complications.Method: The present registry was conducted in patients hospitalized in Imam Reza. Hospital Patients information has been collected using questionnaires and medical files and preclinical samples in the laboratory by three nurses, wound specialist nurse and an infectious disease specialist. ۳۳۷۸ patients older than ۲۰ years with PU or Braden score less than ۱۴ admitted to Imam Reza Hospital from ۱۳۹۹ to ۱۴۰۰ were included in the study. Odds Ratio (OR) was used to show the relationship between pressure ulcer prevalence rate and each of the independent variables . In the univariate regression model, cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio in order to investigate the relationship between independent variables and the incidence rate of pressure ulcers.Results: ۳۳۷۸ men and women with an average age of ۵۴ (SD=±۹.۰۸) years were included in the study. ۱۳۴۰ (۳۹.۶۷%) participants were male. ۲۶۴۶ (۷۸.۳۳%) study participants had pressure ulcers during the study period, of which ۱۳۸۰ cases of pressure ulcers had been created in (۱۸.۱۸%) ۶۱۴ patients in the hospital. The highest prevalence of pressure ulcers with ۱۶۷۱ cases was seen in the sacrum in ۱۶۴۴ patients. The highest rate of prevalence in people over ۸۰ years old with an incidence ratio of ۹۰.۶۵% Obtained. First-degree ulcer was the most common type of ulcer with ۲۹۰۷ cases of ulcer in ۱۵۸۴ patients. The rate of incidence and prevalence excluding first-degree ulcer was ۴۶۰ (۱۳.۶۲%) and ۱۶۹۱(۶۳.۹۱%) respectively. The variables of age, Braden score, BMI, comorbidity, diabetes mellitus, fecal incontinence, duration of hospitalization, Glasgow Coma Scale, Vasopressor have a significant relationship with PU (P<۰.۰۵). )Conclusion: The incidence and prevalence of PU in the patients of this study was high. Consciousness level, age, duration of hospitalization, Braden score and diabetes were the most important factors in the development of PU. Considering the high prevalence and high financial and human costs of pressure ulcers, control, early treatment and prevention of its occurrence is one of the most important goals of the health care system.