Exosome: A Natural Promising Agent for Wound Healing Promotion

Introduction: Skin is the largest organ in human body (۱۶%of body weight) and it have critical functions such as protect the body from invasion of pathogens and prevent the loss of use full substances from an organism. The skin frequently undergoes the damages a result of acute and chronic wounds such as extensive burns, trauma or diabetic ulcers. Wound healing is a complex process and in chronic cases wounds are difficult to heal. Many investigations have been done to provide a method for overcome this problem. Conventional methods such as skin grafting and laser therapy had disadvantages that includes risk of atrophic scars and pigmentary abnormalities. Recently suggested treatment for example growth factors, stem cells and gene therapy each on has faces obstacles in safeness and effectiveness. Exosomes are the novel promising agents for wound healing promotion .In this study we researched about benefits and advantages of exosomes for wound healing compared to other methods.Methods: The key words was searched in PubMed and google scholar databases whit a time limit from year ۲۰۱۰ to ۲۰۲۳ and reviewed to find out the benefits of exosomes.Results: Inflammation phase begins immediately after injury. A chronic and inappropriate inflammation can lead to delayed wound healing. Exosomes can regulate the inflammation phase by upregulation of B-cells and suppressing the T-cells. They can also switch the pro-inflammation form of macrophage to anti-inflammation form. Angiogenesis is a critical step in wound healing because of abundant transferring of oxygen and nutrients to the injured area. Exosomes enhance the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. They are enriched by angiogenesis related proteins and mRNAs. Furthermore reported that exosomes can promote collagen I and III production to prevent scar formation.Conclusion: Generally the exosomes have appeared as an effective and promising treats for wound repairing without obvious side effects compared to conventional methods.