مروری بر زمینه ها، انواع و پیامدهای مهاجرت بین المللی زنان

سال انتشار: 1401
نوع سند: مقاله ژورنالی
زبان: فارسی
مشاهده: 85

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شناسه ملی سند علمی:

JR_JZVJ-13-49_004

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 18 بهمن 1402

چکیده مقاله:

امروزه زنان از نظر جمعیتی تقریبا نیمی از جریان های مهاجرتی را در سطح بین المللی تشکیل می دهند. این هم وزنی مهاجرت های مردان و زنان، یکی از مهم ترین تحولات مهاجرتی اخیر بوده است که از دهه ی ۱۹۷۰ میلادی توجه محققان حوزه مهاجرت را به خود جلب کرده است. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی روندها، انواع، و ویژگی های مهاجرت های بین المللی زنان، مطابق با آخرین آمارها و گزارش های سازمان های جهانی پرداخته است. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که این روند را می توان در بسترهای جهانی شدن و جنسیت مورد مداقه قرارد داد؛ به ویژه جهانی شدن تقاضا برای نیروی کار زنانه ی ارزان و فرمان بر را به طور چشمگیری افزایش داده است. زنان ممکن است آزادانه و یا به اجبار دست به مهاجرت بزنند. همچنین برای زنان، مهاجرت می تواند به انگیزه ی رهایی از تبعیض ها و هنجارهای جنسیتی منقاد کننده ی زنان باشد. امکان ایجاد فرصت های برابر برای زنان در جابجایی های بین المللی و کسب فرصت های اقتصادی و اجتماعی مقتضی به دور از کلیشه های جنسیتی را می توان به عنوان مصداقی از سطوح توسعه در نظر آورد؛ گرچه زنان در این فرایند ممکن است با چالش هایی نیز مواجه شوند. از یکسو تقسیم جنسیتی کار در اقتصاد جهانی و از سوی دیگر کلیشه های جنسیتی، منافع مهاجرتی زنان را به نسبت مردان بیشتر در معرض خطر قرار می دهند. مهاجران زن غیر قانونی و همچنین زنان مهاجر غیر ماهر، بیشتر در معرض چنین مخاطراتی قرار دارند.

نویسندگان

بیژن خواجه نوری

عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه شیراز

علی شریفی

علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه شیراز

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  • R. P. C. Brown, J. Connell, and E. V Jimenez‐Soto, ...
  • I. O. for Migration, World Migration ۲۰۰۵ Costs and Benefits ...
  • S. Pedraza, “Women and migration: The social consequences of gender,” ...
  • F. A. Vianello, “Ukrainian migrant women’s social remittances: Contents and ...
  • D. C. Vecchio, Merchants, midwives, and laboring women: Italian migrants ...
  • T. Jacka, “Approaches to women and development in rural China,” ...
  • A. Andrews and N. Shahrokni, “Patriarchal Accommodations: Women’s Mobility and ...
  • A. M. Gaetano, Out to work. University of Hawaii Press, ...
  • G. Shokouh, Afyoni & Asemeh, “Analysis of women’s life experience ...
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