An overview of the progress and development of green energy source and fuels in vehicles

Fossil fuels, which have been produced over millions of years from the remains of plants and animals, are known as the most important source of energy supply in the world. Unfortunately, indiscriminate use and burning of fossil fuels to provide energy leads to environmental pollution and carcinogenic diseases. Another disadvantage of burning fossil fuels as a source of energy supply is climate change and global warming. Also, their non-renewability is another factor that recently scientists have tended to use green and renewable energy sources. Extensive research has been done in this field and significant results have been reported. In this review, the use of electrical energy, hybrid technology, biofuels, ethanol/gasoline, ammonia, hydrogen fuels and natural gas as sources of energy supply in vehicles are investigated.