The Current Food Insecurity and the Need of Livestock Products for Food Security and Future Prospects of Livestock Production in Eastern Gojjam

Food security comprises all circumstances of food including its availability, access, sufficiency nutritiousness, and healthiness for the well-being of the human race in the day-to-day activity of life. Food insecurity is a cumulative result of multi factors that can affect the economy, health, and livelihood of human beings of a nation or specific area. Among the factors human population pressure, well-being of the environment, feeding practices of people, educational background, and livestock rearing practices are the main contributing factors in the nation as well as in east Gojjam. The state of food insecurity and specific contributing factor of food and nutritional quality and security with its food diversity in east Gojjam has vital importance to know the problems and mitigate the challenges. The aim of this review is to identify and discuss the current status of food insecurity and its consequences, the role of livestock products in food/nutrition security, and future prospects of livestock production in eastern Gojjam. Among the Amhara region, East Gojjam is the one that has the highest prevalence of food insecurity ranging from ۵۹.۲% to ۶۵.۳%. Similarly, the overall agrospatial prevalence of food insecurity is ۶۵.۳%. Another study on Choke Mountain Watersheds in east Gojjam reported that Food insecurity across podoconiosis patients and the non-podoconiosis households were found ۸۳.۷% and ۵۳% respectively. Food insecurity is highly associated with household malnutrition. Regarding this stunting are main indicator of malnutrition. The prevalence of stunting in eastern Gojjam ranges from ۳۷.۵ to ۵۲.۵%. out of the stunted children ۴۸.۵% and ۴۷.۷% boys and girls respectively. Similarly, another indicator of malnutrition is underweight and wasting. The prevalence of underweight and wasting also ranges from ۱۵.۳% to ۲۴.۳% and ۱۰% to ۱۷.۱% respectively. Inadequate education, socio-economic status, and low household income have an impact on feeding habits and food diversity. Therefore, sufficient intake of Animal source food increases fat stores and provides nutrients that are essential for growth and micronutrients that support the immune system. The zone is highly endowed with diverse livestock species and breeds. Therefore the prospects of livestock production in the zone is considered as an economic driver for job, draft power for food and nutrition security.Food security comprises all circumstances of food including its availability, access, sufficiency nutritiousness, and healthiness for the well-being of the human race in the day-to-day activity of life. Food insecurity is a cumulative result of multi factors that can affect the economy, health, and livelihood of human beings of a nation or specific area. Among the factors human population pressure, well-being of the environment, feeding practices of people, educational background, and livestock rearing practices are the main contributing factors in the nation as well as in east Gojjam. The state of food insecurity and specific contributing factor of food and nutritional quality and security with its food diversity in east Gojjam has vital importance to know the problems and mitigate the challenges. The aim of this review is to identify and discuss the current status of food insecurity and its consequences, the role of livestock products in food/nutrition security, and future prospects of livestock production in eastern Gojjam. Among the Amhara region, East Gojjam is the one that has the highest prevalence of food insecurity ranging from ۵۹.۲% to ۶۵.۳%. Similarly, the overall agrospatial prevalence of food insecurity is ۶۵.۳%. Another study on Choke Mountain Watersheds in east Gojjam reported that Food insecurity across podoconiosis patients and the non-podoconiosis households were found ۸۳.۷% and ۵۳% respectively. Food insecurity is highly associated with household malnutrition. Regarding this stunting are main indicator of malnutrition. The prevalence of stunting in eastern Gojjam ranges from ۳۷.۵ to ۵۲.۵%. out of the stunted children ۴۸.۵% and ۴۷.۷% boys and girls respectively. Similarly, another indicator of malnutrition is underweight and wasting. The prevalence of underweight and wasting also ranges from ۱۵.۳% to ۲۴.۳% and ۱۰% to ۱۷.۱% respectively. Inadequate education, socio-economic status, and low household income have an impact on feeding habits and food diversity. Therefore, sufficient intake of Animal source food increases fat stores and provides nutrients that are essential for growth and micronutrients that support the immune system. The zone is highly endowed with diverse livestock species and breeds. Therefore the prospects of livestock production in the zone is considered as an economic driver for job, draft power for food and nutrition security.