A Robust Single Layer QCA Decoder Using a Novel Fault-Tolerant Three-Input Majority Gate

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is anemerging technology and one of the suitable alternativesto conventional CMOS technology. Designing efficientbasic logic circuits like decoders is an open research topicin this emerging technology. As reliability is also the mostimportant issue in QCA technology circuit design due toits susceptibility to faults occurring during chemicalfabrication, we design an efficient coplanar robust ۲-to-۴decoder, employing a novel fault-tolerant three-inputmajority gate. Our proposed majority gate is designedwith ۱۱ simple QCA cells. The area and energyconsumptions of the proposed majority gate is ۰.۰۱ μm۲and ۱.۴۹×۲-۲ MeV, respectively. The presented majoritygate has also ۷۱% and ۱۰۰% tolerance against single-cellomission and extra-cell deposition defects, respectively,and it has a proper tolerance against cell displacement andmisalignment defects. The novel robust ۲-to-۴ decoder isalso designed using the proposed majority gate. Thesimulation results show that the presented decoder is moreefficient in comparison to previous designs.