Preventive effects of Allium hirtifolium Boiss methanolic and aqueous extracts on renal injury induced by lead in rats

Introduction: In this study the kidney protective effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Allium hirtifolium Boiss (shallot) were evaluated on kidney toxicity induced by lead (Pb) in Wistar rats. Methods: Eighty adult female Wistar rats of ۳–۵ months of age and weighing ۲۰۰–۲۵۰ g were allocated randomly into ۱۰ groups and treated for ۱۵ and ۳۰ days as follows: control group, Pb (۱۰ mg/L), methanolic extract of shallot (۱۲.۵ mg/kg and ۲۵ mg/kg), Pb plus methanolic extract of shallot (۱۲.۵ mg/kg and ۲۵ mg/kg), aqueous extract of shallot (۱۲.۵ mg/kg and ۲۵ mg/kg), Pb plus aqueous extract of shallot (۱۲.۵ mg/kg and ۲۵ mg/kg). Serum concentrations of glucose as well as renal parameters were measured at ۱۵ days and ۳۰ days in the studied groups. Results: Analysis showed a significant reduction in the mean of urea in the methanolic extract group with a concentration of ۱۲.۵ mg/kg, compared to the lead group. Consumption of ۲۵ mg/kg methanolic extract of shallot showed a significantly reduction of uric acid, creatinine and total protein in comparison with control group and lead group. Consumption of ۲۵ mg/kg methanolic extract of shallot+lead was able to reduce the mean of urea uric acid, creatinine and total protein in comparison with lead group. Also, the results showed that methanolic extract of shallot+lead at a dose of ۱۲.۵ mg/kg could reduce the mean of urea uric acid, creatinine and total protein in comparison with lead group. There was no significant difference in the rest groups. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that shallot extract can dose dependently reduce the factors related to lead induced renal damages.