Sleep disturbance among nurses during the COVID-۱۹ pandemic: A systematic review

Background: Considering the effects of COVID-۱۹ pandemic on mental health of first-line treatment staff, especially nurses, the aim of this systematic review to ascertain the present impact of the COVID-۱۹ outbreak on the prevalence of sleep disturbance among nurses.Methods: A systematic review were conducted. The following databases were searched: PubMed, CHINAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, MedRxiv and Google Scholar, and also keywords sleep disturbance, Nurses, COVID -۱۹, Coronavirus In the title or abstract of articles. Finally, ۱۸ studies assessed sleep disturbance. Studies were included in the review according to the following inclusion criteria: (۱) reported prevalence of sleep disturbance among nurses during COVID۱۹ outbreaks; (۲) all types of setting; and (۳), cross-sectional or cohort survey (only the baseline data were extracted). The exclusion criteria were: (۱) protocol papers and conference abstracts; (۲) if sleep disturbance was assessed via an unvalidated scale. the quality assessment was completed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).Results: The studies (n = ۹) including frontline nurses reported the prevalence of sleep disturbance at ۳۴–۶۰.۱%, whereas the studies (n = ۸) including mixed nurses reported the prevalence at ۲۸–۴۶%. Eight studies used the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scale, whereas five studies used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The other studies used different scales.Conclusion: This systematic review found that Sleep disturbance is a significant problem for nurses working during the COVID-۱۹ pandemic. This highlights the importance of providing Appropriate interventions to maintain the health conditions and reduce sleep disturbance among frontline nurses.