Complications (Pain intensity, Opioid usage, Bleeding, morbidity and mortality) following pancreaticoduodenectomy

Introduction: A comprehensive understanding of these complications, their risk factors, and appropriate management strategies is essential for surgeons and healthcare providers involved in the care of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Continued research, advancements in surgical techniques, and multidisciplinary collaboration are needed to further improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of complications following this challenging surgical procedure.Material and Methods: This article was a retrospective observational study conducted to evaluate the incidence, clinical significance, and management of complications associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy. The study aimed to analyze a cohort of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at a single institution over a specified period.Results: Several factors were found to be associated with the occurrence of complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Prolonged operative time (>۶ hours) was significantly associated with an increased risk of pancreatic fistula (p=۰.۰۴۳) and postoperative hemorrhage (p=۰.۰۱۸). Intraoperative blood loss (>۵۰۰ mL) was also associated with a higher incidence of postoperative hemorrhage (p=۰.۰۳۲). Patients with preoperative comorbidities, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, had a higher risk of developing postoperative infections (p=۰.۰۱۶ and p=۰.۰۲۳, respectively).Conclusion: Complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy remain a significant challenge despite advancements in surgical techniques and perioperative care. Pancreatic fistula, delayed gastric emptying, postoperative hemorrhage, and biliary complications are among the most common complications observed in this study.