Apoptosis induction of selenium nanoparticles synthesized by probiotic Lactobacillus casei supernatant against HT-۲۹ colon cancer cell line

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESSelenium is a trace and essential micronutrient for the health of humans, animals and microorganisms. Recently, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted the interest of many researchers due to their biocompatibility, bioavailability, and low toxicity. Therefore, selenium nanoparticles are widely used in various biomedical applications due to their higher bioactivity. In general, selenium nanoparticles can be synthesized by physical, chemical and biological methods. The effect of size, shape, and method of synthesis on their applications in biological systems has been investigated by many researchers.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn this study, the SeNPs were green synthesized using Lactobacillus casei. The morphology, size and stability of selenium nanoparticles were verified by characterization method. Anticancer and cytotoxic effects (on cancer cell line HT-۲۹ and normal HFF cell) were compared, flow cytometric analysis was performed to study cell viability, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Changes in the expression of certain genes associated with cell cycle regulation were performed by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of caspase-۳, caspase-۹ and BAX gene by SeNPs confirmed apoptosis.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONApoptotic and antioxidant related gene expression was determined in HT-۲۹ cells treated with Se-NPs by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of caspase-۳, caspase-۹ and BAX gene by SeNPs confirmed apoptosis. SeNPs could also prevent migration and invasion of HT-۲۹ cancer cells.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, the SeNPs provides more efficient biological applications that could make it a promising factor for cancer treatment.