Analysis of Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Non-Syndromic Orofacial Cleft Among Newborns at Celebes Cleft Center in Makassar

Aims: This study aimed to determine and analyze the risk factors for the incidence of non-syndromic orofacial cleft. Methods: This study used a case-control study design and was conducted at Celebes Cleft Center in Makassar. The case group consisted of ۸۰ newborns with cleft lip and palate, and the control group consisted of ۱۰۶ newborns without cleft lip and palate. Data collected included sex, type of NSOFC, age of respondents, educational level, risk factors for NSOFC incidence from patient medical records and interview results.  Data were collected in Excel table and analyzed using STATA program using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Finding: The results showed that NSOFC mostly occurred in newborns with male gender (۵۸.۷۵%). The most common type of NSOFC was cleft lip accompanied by cleft palate then cleft lip, and the least was cleft palate. Maternal risk factors that were significant for the incidence of cleft lip and palate/NSOFC were maternal occupation (OR=۲۵.۰۳۷ [CI ۹۵%: ۵.۸۱۲-۲۲۲.۱۱۳]; p<۰.۰۰۱), family history of orofacial cleft (OR=۱۱.۶۶۶ [CI ۹۵%: ۱.۴۹۳-۵۲۲.۳۹۶]; p=۰.۰۰۵), history of tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy (OR=۲.۶۴ [CI ۹۵%: ۱.۳۵۵-۵.۱۸۷]; p=۰.۰۰۲). The most dominant risk factors were maternal work occupation. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the type of maternal occupation, family history of orofacial cleft, and maternal history of tobacco smoke exposure are risk factors for the incidence of lip and palate cleft or non-syndromic orofacial cleft