Comparison of the effectiveness of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Drug Therapy on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Background: The use of rTMS, a form of brain stimulation, has shown to be successful and authorized for treating individuals with OCD. The study aimed to comparison of the effectiveness of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and drug therapy on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The study adopted a quasi-experimental method and a pre-post control group design. The statistical population of the present study included all patients referred to specialized clinics in regions ۲, ۳, and ۷ of Tehran from July to September ۲۰۲۲. Study participants included ۴۵ obsessive-compulsive disorder who were selected purposefully and were assigned to two experimental groups (rTMS: ۱۵ participants, Drug therapy: ۱۵ participants), and a control group: ۱۵ participants. The rTMS treatment sessions was three sessions a week for four weeks. Therefore, rTMS treatment was performed with the parameters specified below regarding the variables of the present study. For obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the supplementary motor area with a frequency of ۱ Hz (HZ) for ۲۰ minutes, ۱۲۰۰ pulses and the F۳ and F۴ areas were worked with the tablets. The MCMI-III or Checklist-۹۰-Revision pre and post interventions measured. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software version ۲۶ with an analysis of covariance test. Results: findings showed that the differentiation between the treatment technique of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and drug administration is significant in obsessive-compulsive disorder (P=۰.۰۰۰۱). The decrease in obsessive-compulsive disorder based on considered repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was more than the drug therapy group(P=۰.۰۰۱۷). Conclusions: This study revealed that rTMS is an effective neurostimulation therapy for OCD. Therefore, rTMS provides better results in terms of treatment effectiveness and clinical response rate.  Furthermore, drug treatment appears to have a significant therapeutic effect.  In subgroup analysis, it was found that DLPFC stimulation and inhibition produced better treatment effects.