Investigating the effect of using chitosan nanoparticles containing garlic in improvement of blood function in anemic male rats

This study was aimed the possibility of using garlic (extract and CNP-G) in alleviating of anemia induced by phenylhydrazine, in adult male rats. Materials and methods: The chitosan nanoparticles containing garlic was prepared in laboratory. Anemia was induced by phenylhydrazine intraperitoneal (۲۰ mg/kg) for ۲ consecutive days. A total of ۶۰adult male albino rats were used in the present study, at the age of ۲ months with body weight۱۹۵±۱۵gm were divided randomly to six equal groups (۱۰ rats for each) and treated as follows for ۸ weeks: CG:  This group animals left without any treatment like negative control.T۱: animals in this group was induced anemia and untreated as positive group.  T۲: animals in this group still normal but treated with daily dose ۳۵.۴mg/kg of extract garlic given orally by stomach tube. T۳: animals in this group were induced anemia and treated with daily dose ۳۵.۴mg/kg of extract garlic given orally by stomach tube. T۴: animals in this group still normal (no anemic) but treated with daily dose ۳۵.۴mg/kg of CNP-G given orally by stomach tube. T۵:  animals in this group were induced anemia and treated with daily dose ۳۵.۴mg/kg of chitosan nanoparticles containing garlic given orally by stomach tube. At the end of the experiment, all animals were sacrificed and blood samples(۵ml) were collected directly from the heart by the cardiac puncture. Results: Induction of anemia significantly (p<۰.۰۵) decreased PCV, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), and red blood cell count (RBC), while mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) significantly increased of anemic not treated rats compared to normal control rats. The total protein and albumin showed significantly decreased in anemic group but fibrinogen recorded significantly increase in anemic group as compared with control group. When rats received garlic extract and CNP-G reported increase in the blood electrolytes potassium and iron showed significantly increase in anemic group as compared with control group. While, sodium and calcium recorded significantly decreased. After treatment by extract and chitosan nanoparticles containing garlic the K+ and Fe+ increase in all treatment groups and Na+, Ca++ increased in all treatment groups. The result of hormone erythropoietin showed increase in anemic group and decrease in treatment groups, while VB۱۲ reported decrease in anemic group and increae in treatment groups. While, sodium and calcium recorded significant decreased. After treatment with extract and garlic loaded chitosan nanoparticles the K+ and Fe+ decreased in all treatment groups and Na+ , Ca++ increased in all treatment groups . Conclusion: This study suggests may be use of CNP-G as antianemic and ability to prevent hemolysis best from garlic extract.