Detection of Mutations in Exons ۵ and ۸ of Tumor Suppressor Tp۵۳ Gene in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung Hospitalized in Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran

Introduction: Despite improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in the past two decades, it has remained the most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Among all genes that are mutated in lung cancer, TP۵۳ located on chromosome ۱۷P۱۳/۱ has a significant diagnostic and prognostic value. TP۵۳ mutations have been extensively studied in lung cancer and TP۵۳ mutational spectra have been used for finding the origin(s) and mechanisms of these mutations in lung cancer development. The present study was conducted to investigate the TP۵۳ mutations in patients with Non- small cell lung cancer hospitalized during ۱۹۹۷-۲۰۰۵ in Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran. Method: Formalin- fixed, Paraffin- embedded tissues from lung cancer patients undergone surgery between ۱۹۹۷ to ۲۰۰۵ were evaluated. The mutational status of the TP۵۳ gene (exons ۵ & ۸) was screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis followed by sequencing. Results: Of all cases of squamous cell carcinoma, ۷۳ mutations were found in Exon ۵ (in ۱۸ cases) and ۴۷ mutations in Exon ۸ of TP۵۳ gene (in ۱۵ cases). we identified mutation hot spot at codons ۶, ۱۴, ۲۵ of exon ۵ and codons ۲, ۲۷, ۳۵ of exon ۸ of TP۵۳ gene. Tansversions (G to T, A to T and G to C) and deletion mutations were the most in both exons ۵ and ۸. The incidence of G to T transversion mutations did not significantly differ between Exons ۵ and ۸. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of mutations in TP۵۳ gene in the present study comparing to previous studies may be due to genetic, environmental and some epidemiological factors such as diet and life style of studied subjects