Assessing urban sustainability through a social, economic, and environmental analysis utilizing Spain

Intricate networks of trade, information, people, and capital are all centered in modern cities, which also serve as centers for innovation and knowledge management. Cities are important producers and consumers of resources within the complex web of housing, social, and economic ties. Therefore, planning and political action are needed to promote sustainable growth that protects resources, maintains social services, and ensures the welfare of citizens' welfare. Beyond the perspective of the environment, a socio-economic analysis is necessary to create a comprehensive and long-lasting diagnostic in both urban and rural systems. The social, economic, and environmental pillars of sustainability are all included in the ۳۸ indicators used to evaluate sustainability in this article. To do this, ۶۴ municipalities out of ۳۱۳ in Galicia, northwest Spain, were assessed. The municipalities were divided into three groups based on the population size (middle, small, and village). Additionally, identical weight and weighted measurement employing the analytical hierarchical processing method have been taken into consideration as two weightlifting techniques. However, the outcomes, irrespective of the weighting method, ۵۷% of medium-sized municipalities fell short of ۴۵% of the category. Small towns and villages are stable. Because of this, the size of a city can be used to measure sustainability. Additionally, the findings of the two weighting methods are similar, indicating the robustness of the created method and its applicability to other cities and municipalities.