Surveying the Role of Melatonin in the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Patients: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis(MS), one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases of the centralnervous system (CNS), is a demyelinating condition caused by neural inflammation and degeneration. Thisstudy aims to survey the role of melatonin in patients affected by multiple sclerosis.Methods: The present systematic review was conducted to find the published studies until the end of ۲۰۲۳ indatabases (PubMed, Google Scholar), and the recently published abstracts were done using the keywordsMultiple sclerosis and Melatonin and Treatment.Results: According to studies, the symptoms of MS include tiredness, blurred vision, pain in the eyes, weaknessor change in sensation in some parts of the body, dizziness, balance problems, impaired memory or thinking,problems in bladder control, depression, and anxiety., the difference in melatonin secretion is related to theseverity of pathogenesis and disease and symptoms like fatigue, insomnia, depression, and neurologicaldisability. Melatonin is a natural hormone secreted from the pineal gland, which controls the sleep-wake cycle.This hormone increases the antioxidant factors levels and decreases the levels of stress markers such as MDA(malaondialdehyde) and inflammatory factors like TNF-α, IL-۱۷B, and IL-۱۷ secreted from TH۱۷. The differentfunctions of melatonin and its metabolites, including analgesic, antidepressant, anti-anxiety,immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cleaning free radicals, have been recorded. Thesecompounds inhibit demyelination and increase remyelination in MS patientsConclusion: Sleep disturbances resulting from decreased melatonin levels have been reported in ۲۴ to ۵۰% ofMS patients, which results in fatigue. By modulating sleep and improving the course of inflammatory diseases,melatonin enhances patients' quality of life.