Diagnostic Biomarkers of multiple sclerosis

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis is the most common Autoimmune diseases that caused by chronicinflammatory demyelinating of the CNS. One of the Diagnostic methods are used for Multiple Sclerosis AreBiomarkers in CSF and Blood, Serum. That themselves are divided different groups such as Molecular, CellularBiomarkers, Biomarkers of Axonal Damage {NfL, Tau Protein, Amyloid _ Precursor Protein} Biomarkers ofImmunomodulation and Inflammation {Cytokines, KFLC}, miRNAs and etc. Due to Complex mechanisminvolve in the pathophysiology of MS disease finding valid Biomarkers is very difficult. However, identify theeffective Biomarkers that are more sensitive and be able to determine the level of activity and course of thedisease is necessary.Methods: In this review, we searched PubMed, Scientific Information Database (SID؛ Iran) and Google Scholarfrom ۲۰۰۸ to ۲۰۲۳.Results: In CSF {increased amount of ۱- KFLC (Kappa Free Light Chain), ۲- Vitamin D binding protein, ۳-oligoclonal bands (IgM, IgG) ۴- Aquaporin ۴ ۵- neurophilament (NfL) decreased in VCAM. Studies showedthat A۲MG (Alpha_۲_Macroglobolin), Alpha_۱- chymotrypsin in Serum have increased that are inhibitor ofMetalloproteinase. Also C Cysteine Protein that are inhibitor of proteinase and Band with Amyloid, in Serumdecreased. Discovered New Biomarkers are included Neoptrin in urine (marker of activity of Macrophage),Leptin Receptor (Immunity, Metabolic path), CCL۲, CXCL۱۰ (Chemokines), K۲P۵.۱ (Potassium Channel)Conclusion: As the mentioned, Biomarkers can help to identity, predict the stage of diseases. Among this,Cerebrospinal fluid Biomarkers are sensitive, specific than Blood, Serum Biomarkers. Due to the contact of thisfluid with subarachnoid and around cortex, spinal cord and also actively absorbed and secreted. And not affectedby kidney, liver activity. Although Blood, Serum Biomarkers are non-aggressive. But these are influenced bythe circadian rhythm. Besides, with MRI for detecting plaques in Brain, Spinal cord can reach Fundamentaldiagnosis. Also a combination of diverse Biomarkers (protein, immune cells, transcriptomic, extracellularvesicle) coupled with state of the art bioinformatics are needed to develop useful Biomarker tools to predict truereplace and disease progression for MS patients. Used new technology like proteomics, metabolomics andsc_RNA seq may greatly aid in the discovery therapeutic targets for diseases progression in MS.