A study and review on the nature of social acceptance, the concept of attachment and its styles

Attachment theory is a psychological, evolutionary and ethological theory concerning relationships between humans. The most important tenet is that young children need to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for normal social and emotional development. The theory was formulated by psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby (۱۹۰۷-۱۹۹۰). Within attachment theory, infant behaviour associated with attachment is primarily the seeking of proximity to an attachment figure in stressful situations. Infants become attached to adults who are sensitive and responsive in social interactions with them, and who remain as consistent caregivers for some months during the period from about six months to two years of age. Attachment theory focuses on relationships and bonds (especially long-term) between people, including relationships between parents and children and between romantic partners. In early childhood, these attachment styles focus on how children and parents interact. In adulthood, attachment styles are used to describe attachment patterns in romantic relationships. Our early attachment styles are developed in childhood through the infant/caregiver relationship. In addition, Balbi believed that attachment has an evolutionary component and contributes to survival. The concept of attachment styles gave rise to attachment theory and research that emerged in the ۱۹۶۰s and ۱۹۷۰s. Bowlby believed that there are four distinct characteristics of attachment: Sustaining closeness: the desire to be close to the people we are attached to. Safe haven: Returning to an attachment figure for comfort and security in the face of fear or threat. Base of security: The form of attachment acts as a base of security from which the child can explore the surrounding environment. Separation anxiety: anxiety that occurs in the absence of a form of attachment. Also, the meaning of social acceptance is a person's understanding of the society according to the characteristics of other people. Social acceptance includes acceptance of pluralism with others, trust in the inherent goodness of others and a positive view of human nature, all of which make a person feel comfortable with other members of human society. In this research, we will review the concept of attachment, attachment styles and the nature of social acceptance.