Comprehensive Review on Flood ControlEngineering Methods in Cities for Risk Reduction

Water, a vital element essential for life, can metamorphose into a devastating force, leadingto catastrophic floods. In today's world, where human-induced risks rival external threats,mitigating flood-related damages requires a nuanced approach. This study navigates thecomplex terrain of flood management within Civil and Environmental Engineering,emphasizing the pivotal role of scientific understanding. Floods, categorized into naturaland anthropogenic types, arise from intense downpours and human activities such asinappropriate land use and infrastructure failures. Transitioning from these causes, floodmanagement strategies encompass both structural and non-structural approaches, aiming toreduce social and economic impacts. Structural measures, including riverbankreinforcement and levee construction, seek to prevent floods and limit floodplaindevelopment. Non-structural measures, such as Non-Interference in Waterways, WaterPassage Manipulation, and Warning Systems, focus on minimizing damages with a lesserenvironmental impact. Despite the global reliance on flood control structures, recentdecades underscore the inadequacy of depending solely on construction. Watershedmanagement necessitates an integrated approach, considering both structural and nonstructuralmethods. Cities facing flood threats must develop comprehensive engineeringplans grounded in thorough studies. In conclusion, the paper advocates for a comprehensiveapproach that combines protective structural conditions and biological stabilization foreffective flood control.