Mix Convection Heat Transfer in a Lid Driven Enclosure Filled by Nanofluid

In the present study, mixed convection flow was investigated by Lattice Boltzmann method in a square lid-driven cavity utilizing nanofluid in presence of cubic obstacle. The fluid in the cavity was awater-based nanofluid containing Cu nanoparticles. The study was carried out for a constant Rayleighnumber 10 , the Richardson number ranging from 0.1 to 10 and the solid volume 4 fraction ranging from 0 to 0.03. The effects of solid concentrations on hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics were investigated. The results were presented in the form of streamlines and temperature contours for different values of solid volumefractions and Richardson numbers. The results indicated that the averaged Nusselt number increases byaugmentation of solid volume fraction. The Richardson number had more effect on Nusselt number when obstacle was located at the bottom section of enclosure