Bloode exchange complications in the infants

Hyperbilirubinemia is relatively common in infants. Despite its anti-Oxidants role, it can cause irreversible damage in the absence of treatment .the most effective methods of treatment are blood exchangeMethods:This study comes with a review of non_restricted external resources available in the data base SID, Iran medex, Scopus, Pub med were done. Out of numerous articles, 25 articles with the keywords of blood exghange complication, infant, hyper bilirubinaemia were selected and studied.Result:Phototherapy is considered as the first line of treatment in this complication. Catheterization is one of the most effective and commonly used ways to change the blood of infants with jaundice.But what challenges this procedure is its complications. One can mention the risk of infection and bacteraemia.However, the delay in the treatment and deposition of direct bilirubin in the central nervous system leads to the formation of an icterus.Bloode replacement indication such as hemolytic disease (RH, ABO adaptation and RBC abnormalities.), metabolic diseases (liver dysfunctions, congenital liver defects), bilirubin reabsorbent (low stool volume and lung congestion). blood exchange may be associated with complications such as thrombocytopenia, electrolyte imbalance, infection and thrombosis.Carrying out nursing care such as NPO the infant 4 hours before exchange of blood,preparinge rescue equipment, control of vital signs, warm blood bags, replacement of blood in a cycle of 5 kg/ml.Aseptic points play a role in decreasing complications.Conclusions:In order to better diagnose and treat infant ,it is essential to monitor continusly and accurately during transfusion ,platelet administration in the event ofthrombombocytopenia ,modification of blood products by sodium bicarbonate and ultimately ,frequent monitoring of vital signs and performing necessary tests for transfusion.Due to complications, platelet counting and gastrointestinal measurements are necessary after switching blood. It is recommended that blood transfusions be carried out by trained and skilled personal.