Entreaty of Regenerative Medicine in Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Industry; Skin on a Chip

Along with all well-established features of engineered skin in regenerative medicine, there exists a growing demand for other applications of skin organoids. Currently, animal models serve as gold standards for testing, but the drawbacks associated with such models are high costs, uncertainties in interpretation of the results in many pathologies, as well as methodological flaws in both preclinical and clinical study designs that may contribute to the current translational failure rate. World Preview 2017 evaluates that prescription drug sales are forecasted to grow at an impressive annual compound rate of 6.5%, eventually hitting $1.06 trn worldwide in 2022. The growth in global economies, changing lifestyles, rising demands of skin and sun care products due to varying climatic conditions encourages the growth of the market for cosmetics. However, increasingly modern methods allow the 4R principle of reducing, refining, replacing and rehabilitating animal experiments to be put into practice, as required wherever possible by European legislation. In vitro systems that use human tissues and are accurate with respect to the human body would be preferable; Explant, organotype culture and three-dimensional culture methods are routinely used for in vitro screening of toxicants. One best of elegant platform is organ on a chip, thus to the center of our interest is skin on a chip. Sublimed in dermis, epidermis or whole skin on a chip. Skin-on-chip has the potential to provide an accurate determination of pharmacology and toxicity profile in human. With a reinvigorate prospect of sensational attributes of skin on chip, we will review recent results of our lab and other relevant groups, also uncover some our laboratory experimental corollaries.