Early diagnosis of Multiple sclerosis (MS) based on Optical and Electrochemical Nanobiosensors

Multiple sclerosis (MS) engages an immune-mediated activity in which body’s immune system destructs the protective sheath (myelin). Known biomarkers regarding to MS are discovered in cerebrospinal fluid like oligoclonal lgG (OCGB), and also in blood like myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). The conventional MS diagnostic tools often fail to detect the disease in early stages such as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), which is a concerning issue since CIS in most cases is considered a prognostic of MS development. Studies underlined that early treatment of patients with high possibility to have MS can be advantageous by postponing further abnormalities on MRI and subsequent attacks. This Review highlights the variable disease detection approaches such as Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), electrochemical biosensors, Microarrays and microbeads based Microarrays which are considered as promising ways for detection and early detection of MS.