Improved simulation of rough surface geometry using three-dimensional modeling

Most engineering surfaces have roughness on their surface in micron dimensions, which is an effective factor in all contact systems of surfaces. Roughness is in contact with other surfaces. This causes a difference between the actual surface area in contact, which includes the sum of the area of these asperities, and the apparent surface area. The ratio of the actual contact surface to the apparent contact surface is always much small. Surface roughness has a significant effect on many physical phenomena such as friction, wear, adhesion as well as thermal contact. The actual contact surface size determines the maximum stress, the wear rate between the surfaces involved and it is also a critical factor in the friction process. To study these factors in the numerical method and the theoretical method, we always need the spatial coordinates of these rough points, and in order to make it possible to study contact phenomena, we need to find a geometry that covers these points. In this paper, we model two-dimensional roughness points in order to find a suitable mathematical model for fitting roughness points obtained from a statistical method, then we create a single three-dimensional geometry of random points