Dynamic Double Pricing-Based Rebalancing of Mixed-Fleet Carsharing Systems

This study focuses on profit maximization in one-way mixed electric and non-electric carsharing systems by mitigating unbalanced vehicle distribution. We present a mixed-integer non-linear programming model for vehicle assignment based on determining dynamic double-pricing, incentivizing discounts, and relocation operations subject to the electric vehicle battery capacity and charger infrastructure limitations. To evaluate the performance of our proposed model, we provide a case study using the city of London characteristics. The results show an increase in service provider profitability and served demands compared to simple-pricing.