Food security and its challenges in global societies

Ensuring food security is one of the main pillars of sustainable development of countries and dealing with foodinsecurity should be considered as one of the major goals of economic and social development planning of countries.The covid-۱۹ pandemic, climate changes, drought and water scarcity, increasing food waste, wars and conflicts of hotand cold type (types of food import embargoes), economic crises and the global increase in food prices, put thecountries of the world at risk, especially the lower income countries. Increasing food insecurity is a contract. Thegovernment's economic policies and support programs are among the factors that directly affect the basket and thetable of the poor and low-income households in order to meet the physiological nutritional needs. Food and nutritionsecurity is achieved when all people consume sufficient, healthy, diverse and high-quality food at all times that is inaccordance with social and cultural needs for a healthy and active life. Food insecurity is a multi-dimensionalphenomena that in addition to negative consequences on quantity and Quality of life has social, psychological andcultural dimensions. Food security and the degree of assurance of access to food are related to the economic andpolitical life and the security life of countries, and the development of societies is strongly influenced by theirnutritional status and food security. Food insecurity causes various forms of malnutrition caused by a lack of energyand protein intake. , lack of micronutrients, and malnutrition caused by excess energy intake and as a result overweightand obesity, which itself is an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases related to nutrition. Some of theconsequences of malnutrition caused by deficiency in the embryonic period and the first years of life, such as impairedbrain growth and development and a decrease in intelligence, are irreparable.