Piezoelectric composite to simulate the skeletal muscle

Muscles provide the movement capability of the human body and form 40–45% of body weight. They provide a means of direct conversion of chemical (ATPbreakdown) to mechanical (movement, work, and force) energy. Myology deals with scientific study of muscle. There are three distinct types of muscle tissues, whichvary in microscopic anatomy and nervous controls. These are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. Skeletal muscle tissues are primarily attached to bonesand provide for movement of the skeleton. They are striated because alternating light and dark bands arevisible when the tissue is examined under a microscope. They are also classified as voluntary muscle tissue since they are under conscious control. There are three basicfunctions of muscle tissues by contraction or alternating contraction and relaxation: producing motion, providingstabilization, and generating heat. It is thought that as much as 85% of body heat is generated by muscle tissue contraction.In this study, a simple movement of skeletal musclehas been considered. Then a piezoelectric composite ismodeled which by applying the electric field on it, forceis generated. If the muscle and composite is positioned one after another, muscle receives the same force from composite and contracts so that, skeleton rotates. Thiscould be useful when there is defect in muscle in a way that it is not able to receive the excitation fromneurosystem. Results are obtained by theory and finiteelement simulation which in both cases they show good agreement.