Synthesis Of Nanographene in The Method Of interwoven Growth On The Surface and (Manufacturing of Nanoelectronic Devices)

Note: In the method of interwoven growth on the surface of nanographene at high temperature, single-layer or multi-layer graphene can be achieved. This method requires a  high temperature of more than 1100 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the carbon source decomposes.

Graphene is a two-dimensional form of sp-hybrid carbon atoms  that are placed in a hexagonal lattice structure, and with  a thickness of 1.95 nanometers, it is the thinnest material known. Graphene sheets are formed by placing carbon atoms together  . In a graphene sheet, each carbon atom is bonded to 9 other carbon atoms. These three links are in the same plane and  the angles between them are equal to 421°. In this case, the carbon atoms are placed in a position that  creates a network of regular hexagons in an ideal state. The carbon-carbon bond length in graphene is about 1.412 nm. In  a graphene sheet, each carbon atom has an out-of-plane orbital. This orbital is a suitable place for bonding with some functional groups  as well as hydrogen atoms. The bond between carbon atoms is in the covalent plane and is very strong. Therefore, graphene  is very strong, and it is expected that carbon nanotubes will also be strong. Graphite, which is a widely used and well-known carbon material  , is formed by stacking graphene layers and forming a regular structure.  Another way to produce graphene is to separate the layers of graphite so that it becomes graphene. What holds the graphene layers  together are the Vanderlaus bonds between them. This link is very weak. Therefore, graphene layers  can easily slide on top of each other. Graphene layers from 9 to 41 layers are called thin layer graphene and  between 41 to 91 layers are called multilayer graphene,  6 thick graphene  or thin graphite nanocrystals.

Since the sublimation speed of silicon   is higher than that of carbon, excess carbon remains on the surface, which creates carbon nanolayers after rearrangement. These  materials are called coke. These substances are considered a catalytic poison, that's why the synthesis of graphene in this way is not suitable for catalytic applications  . Another weakness of this method is many structural defects in the layers. In addition, it is difficult to transfer to other platforms  . It also requires high vacuum conditions and is an expensive method.

Conclusion :

The size and physical shape of nanomaterials and how their interatomic bonds are important parameters that  have a great impact on the properties of materials in nanometer dimensions. Length, diameter, arrangement of atoms in the structure of nanotubes, structural defects, number of walls  are among the important things that affect the properties of nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes of the carbon plates are one atom thick and have a hollow cylindrical shape, and the arrangement of carbon atoms in the wall of this cylindrical structure is exactly the same as the structure of carbon in graphite plates. In graphite, regular carbon hexagons are placed next to each other. If we cut a single-layer nanotube lengthwise,  a sheet of carbon atoms called graphene is obtained. The most recently discovered form of carbon is graphene.