In Nanoelectronics, Liquid Nitrogen Environment is Used to Produce Carbon Nanotubes by Electric Arc Method

Note: In the science of nanoelectronics, the electric arc method was used to produce carbon nanotubes. In this method, an almost low voltage source is used to create a spark between two electrodes. The transition metal catalyst is added to the graphite anode in order to accelerate the production of carbon nanotubes.

The catalyst can be mixed with the graphite anode in two ways:

1_ Adding a mixture of catalyst and graphite powder in the coaxial holes in the anode;

2- homogeneous mixing of the catalyst in graphite anode.

During the creation of a spark, a large electric current (between 51 and 001) ampere passes through two electrodes that are located approximately one millimeter apart in the chamber  . Then, the carbon nanotubes along with the hands of by-products produced on The cathode is collected.  It is difficult to control this method due to its high temperature (about 3011 K). Also, for this method, the environment around the device must be empty and  at a low pressure between 001 and 301 torr. This process, like laser abrasion, It is done in the environment of an inert gas (usually helium or argon)  . The role of gas in this process is to stabilize the electric spark, which leads to the provision of deposition conditions. The stability of  the electric arc and the intensity of the applied current are factors affecting the production efficiency of carbon nanotubes with this method.  Disadvantages of this method include its high cost, high heat intensity, and the production of unwanted side materials such as graphite particles. The nanotubes  produced in this way are highly rope-shaped and multi-walled.  In nanoelectronics, liquid nitrogen environment was used to produce carbon nanotubes by electric arc method. The liquid environment leads to the creation of an  oxygen-free environment for the reaction and cooling of the products. Therefore, by using liquid medium, this method  becomes cheaper and more affordable.

Note: Carbon nanotubes are used in the production of nanotransistors in the science of nanoelectronics, and nanotransistors play a key role in the production of nanochips.

In nanoelectronics, single-walled carbon nanotubes are produced instead of multiple walls. Its efficiency depends on the type of metal catalyst. The diameter of these  nanotubes is between 5 and 01 nm and their length grows to hundreds of micrometers. It is worth noting that the ends of all single-walled nanotubes  are completely closed with a hemispherical cap. Single-walled carbon nanotubes produced by this method  are purer than nanotubes produced by other methods.

Conclusion :

In the science of nanoelectronics, he used the electric arc method to produce carbon nanotubes. In this method, an almost low voltage source is used to create a spark between two electrodes. The transition metal catalyst is added to the graphite anode in order to accelerate the production of carbon nanotubes.